When it comes to shampoos, every shop has a buffet of many different products to choose from. Some offer shine, others offer moisture, and all the promise of cleanliness.With such a lengthy list full of unpronounceable shampoo making ingredients, it can be hard to know what you're actually putting in your hair.

It's important to know the shampoo formulation ingredients used to cleanse your locks, especially if certain ingredients can cause irritation or build-up.Whether you have curly, coloured, straight or oily hair, there's plenty to clear your head (pun intended).Whether it's a tried and tested skincare regime, how often you wash your hair or your curiosity about cosmetics, beauty is different from person to person.

 Ingredients of Shampoo

Ingredients of shampoo

The new shampoos were originally created by cosmetic chemists in laboratories. These scientists first determined what characteristics the shampoo formulations would have. They had to decide on aesthetic characteristics, such as how thick it should be, what colour it would be and what it would look like. They also considered performance attributes, such as how well it cleansed, the appearance of the foam and how irritating it would be. Consumer testing often helps to determine what these characteristics should be.

Once the properties of the shampoo have been determined, a formulation is created in the laboratory. These initial batches are made using various ingredients in small beakers. In the personal care industry, almost all of the ingredients that can be used are classified by the Cosmetic, Toiletry and Perfumery Association (CTFA) in a government-approved collection called the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI). The more important ingredients in shampoo formulations are water, thickeners, detergents, foam boosters,, conditioning agents, preservatives, modifiers and special additives.

Water

The main ingredient of most shampoos is water, which usually makes up 70-80% of the overall formulation. Deionised water is specially treated to remove various particles and ions and is used in shampoos. The water source can be an underground well, a lake or a river.

 Daily Chemical Grade Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose

Thickening agents

To some extent, the alkanolamides that make shampoos foam also thicken the formulation. However, other materials are also used to increase viscosity. For example, methyl cellulose from plant cellulose is included in shampoos to make them thicker. Sodium chloride (salt) can also be used to increase the thickness of shampoos.

Daily chemical grade hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is a white or slightly yellow powder, and it is odorless, tasteless and non-toxic. It can dissolve in cold water and organic solvents to form a transparent viscous solution. The water liquid has surface activity, high transparency, and strong stability, and its dissolution in water is not affected by pH. It has thickening and anti-freezing effects in shampoos and shower gels, and has water retention and good film-forming properties for hair and skin.

Detergent grade HPMC is used in shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, lotions, creams, gels, toners, conditioners, styling products, toothpastes, mouthwashes, toy bubble water.

 Toy Bubble Water

Detergents

The second most abundant ingredient in shampoos is the main detergent. These materials, also known as surfactants, are the cleaning ingredients in shampoos. Surfactants are surface active ingredients, which means that they can interact with surfaces. The chemical properties of surfactants enable them to surround and trap oily substances on the surface. One part of the molecule is oil-compatible (soluble) and the other part is water-soluble. When shampoo is applied to hair or textiles, the oil-soluble part is aligned with the oily substance, while the water-soluble part is aligned with the water layer. When many surfactant molecules are aligned like this, they form a structure called a micelle. This micelle has oil in the middle, which can be washed off with water.

Surfactants are derived from compounds called fatty acids. Fatty acids are naturally occurring substances that are found in a variety of plant and animal sources. The materials most commonly used in the manufacture of surfactants used in shampoos are derived from coconut oil, palm kernel oil and soybean oil. Some of the common major detergents used in shampoos are ammonium lauryl sulphate, sodium lauryl sulphate and sodium lauryl ether sulphate.

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